以 FastCGI 模式安装 PHP5

2009-08-10 23:52 | 分类：应用技术 | 标签：fastcgi、php、php-fpm | 1,009 次浏览

作者: Bluedata | 可以转载，转载时务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及版权声明
网址: http://bluedata.org/2009/08/10/install_php5_fcgi/

软件下载：
PHP5(http://www.php.net/downloads.php):
wget http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.2.10.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror

php-fpm(http://php-fpm.org/Download):
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz

安装依赖的包：
CentOS:
yum install mysql-devel gd-devel libxml2-devel

Debian:
apt-get install libmysqlclient15-dev libgd2-xpm-dev libxml2-dev

应用 php-fpm 补丁：
tar jxvf php-5.2.10.tar.bz2
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1

安装 PHP5:

cd php-5.2.10
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi \
--enable-discard-path \
--enable-fastcgi \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-force-cgi-redirect \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-sockets \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-mysql \
--with-mysqli

make
make install

cp -f php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini

一些必备模块的安装：
安装 ZendOptimizer:
Zend 的优化器，免费使用，如果加密了 PHP 程序文件，这是必须的。
如果没有使用 Zend 优化器，PHP 进程的内存会难以释放。
下载： http://www.zend.com/en/products/guard/downloads
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386
./install

安装 eAccelerator:
PHP scripts 的缓存，对于提高 PHP 程序执行速度很有帮助。
下载： http://eaccelerator.net/
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3
/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config
make
make install

安装 memcache:
用于操作 Memcached ，应用非常广泛。
下载： http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5
/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config
make
make install

PHP5 的配置：
vi /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini

# 开启短标记支持
short_open_tag = On
# 最大执行时间
max_execution_time = 5
# 最大使用内存
memory_limit = 8M
# 扩展模块的目录
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php-fcgi/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613"
# 关闭 mysql 持久连接。高访问量下会把数据库可用连接用完。
mysql.allow_persistent = Off
# 缩短连接超时时间
mysql.connect_timeout = 10
# session 文件存储目录
session.save_path = "/tmpfs"
# session 过期时间设为一小时
session.gc_maxlifetime = 3600
# 关闭 session.bug_compat_warn
session.bug_compat_warn = 0

# 开启 eAccelerator
[eAccelerator]
extension="eaccelerator.so"
# 可使用内存设为了 16M ，太大会启动不了 PHP ，以 CGI 模式运行的 PHP ，各进程间也不能共享内存， eAccelerator 的共享模式也就无效了。
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmpfs"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

# 在 eAccelerator 之后启用 ZendOptimizer ，避免 eaccelerator.so 不能加载。
[Zend]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1023
zend_extension_manager.optimizer=/usr/local/Zend/lib/Optimizer-3.3.3
zend_optimizer.version=3.3.3
zend_extension=/usr/local/Zend/lib/ZendExtensionManager.so

# 开启 memcache
[memcache]
extension=memcache.so

用 tmpfs 提升性能：
mkdir /tmpfs
在 /etc/fstab 中加入
tmpfs /tmpfs tmpfs size=256m,mode=1777 0 0

mount -a

定时清除：
vi /etc/crontab
0 * * * * root find /tmpfs -type f -amin +60 -exec rm {} \;

配置 php-fpm ，如：
vi /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php-fpm.conf

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>

   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

   <section name="global_options">

   Pid file
   <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php-fcgi/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

   Error log file
   <value name="error_log">/usr/local/php-fcgi/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

   Log level
   <value name="log_level">notice</value>

   When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
   <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

   ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
   Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
   <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

   Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
   <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

   Set to 'no' to debug fpm
   <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

   </section>

   <workers>

   <section name="pool">

   Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
   <value name="name">default</value>

   Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
   Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
   <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

   <value name="listen_options">

   Set listen(2) backlog
   <value name="backlog">-1</value>

   Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
   In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
   Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
   <value name="owner"></value>
   <value name="group"></value>
   <value name="mode">0666</value>
   </value>

   Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
   <value name="php_defines">
   <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
   <value name="display_errors">0</value>
   </value>

   Unix user of processes
   <value name="user">www-data</value>

   Unix group of processes
   <value name="group">www-data</value>

   Process manager settings
   <value name="pm">

   Sets style of controling worker process count.
   Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
   <value name="style">static</value>

   Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
   Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
   Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
   Used with any pm_style.
   <value name="max_children">16</value>

   Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
   <value name="apache_like">

   Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
   Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
   <value name="StartServers">2</value>

   Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
   Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
   <value name="MinSpareServers">4</value>

   Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
   Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
   <value name="MaxSpareServers">16</value>

   </value>

   </value>

   Time limit on waiting execution of single request
   Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason
   <value name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>

   Set open file desc rlimit
   <value name="rlimit_files">65536</value>

   Set max core size rlimit
   <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

   Chroot to this directory at the start
   <value name="chroot"></value>

   Chdir to this directory at the start
   <value name="chdir"></value>

   Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
   If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
   <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

   How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
   Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
   For endless request processing please specify 0
   Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
   <value name="max_requests">65536</value>

   Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
   Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
   Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
   <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

   Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
   <value name="environment">
   <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
   <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
   <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
   <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
   <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
   <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
   <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
   <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
   </value>

   </section>

   </workers>

</configuration>

系统的相关设置：
echo -ne "
fs.file-max = 65536
" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

echo -ne "
www-data soft nofile 65536
www-data hard nofile 65536
" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

启动 PHP-FCGI:
/usr/local/php-fcgi/sbin/php-fpm start

可写入 /etc/rc.local 文件开机自启动。

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